Land tenure at the eve of Western contact. Before the Mahele. The Mahele. The government lands. The transfer of lands from Kauikeaouli to Alexander Liholiho (1854-55). The passing of Alexander Liholiho (1863). In the matter of the estate of his Majesty Kamehameha IV (1864). The 1865 statute making the Crown lands inalienable. The ascension of William Charles Lunalilo to the throne (1872). The transition between the Kamehameha line and Kaläkaua's Keawe-a-heulu line. Claus Spreckels, Princess Ruth Keelikolani, and the claim to a half. Interest in the Crown lands. The inalienable Crown lands (1865-93). 1887 Bayonet Constitution and the Reciprocity/Pearl-Harbor Treaty : preludes to overthrow. Population, voting and citizenship in the Kingdom of Hawaii. The 1893 overthrow of the kingdom. The Republic of Hawaii (1894-98). The 1895 Land Act. Annexation by the United States (1898). The Crown lands during the territorial period (1898-1959). Liliuokalani v. United States (1910). The Hawaiian homes Commission Act (1921). Statehood (1959-present). The painful irony of Rice v. Cayetano (2000). The Kamehameha schools. The other Alii trusts. The British crown lands. Claims of Alii descendants. Summary and conclusions